1. Global Magnesium Citrate Market Sales in 2024
In 2024, the global Magnesium Citrate market is projected to reach a sales volume of 12,215.6 tons. This figure represents a significant growth from previous years, reflecting the increasing demand for Magnesium Citrate across various industries. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for the market from 2024 to 2029 is estimated at 3.39%. This growth rate indicates a steady expansion of the market, driven by factors such as rising health awareness and the expanding applications of Magnesium Citrate in the pharmaceutical, food, and beverage industries.
Magnesium citrate is an important magnesium supplement widely used in nutritional supplements, the food and beverage industry, and the pharmaceutical sector. It is typically available in two forms: anhydrous and nonahydrate. The anhydrous type is more commonly used due to its higher magnesium content and better stability. Magnesium Citrate is valued for its high bioavailability, meaning the body easily absorbs it. This property makes it an effective supplement for addressing magnesium deficiencies, which are common in many populations worldwide.
Global Magnesium Citrate Market Sales (Tons) in 2024


2. Driving Factors of Magnesium Citrate Market
The growth of the Magnesium Citrate market is primarily driven by the increasing awareness of the importance of magnesium in maintaining good health. Magnesium plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including nerve and muscle function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. As a result, there is a growing demand for magnesium supplements, including Magnesium Citrate, to address deficiencies and promote overall health.
Another significant driving factor is the expanding application of Magnesium Citrate in the food and beverage industry. With consumers increasingly seeking healthier and more nutritious food options, manufacturers are incorporating Magnesium Citrate into their products to enhance their nutritional value. This trend is particularly evident in the production of fortified foods and beverages, which are designed to provide essential nutrients to consumers.
Furthermore, the pharmaceutical industry’s reliance on Magnesium Citrate as a key ingredient in various medications also contributes to market growth. Its use as a laxative and in other pharmaceutical formulations ensures a consistent demand for this product. Additionally, ongoing research and development efforts are leading to new applications and formulations, further expanding the market’s potential.
3. Limiting Factors of Magnesium Citrate Market
Despite the numerous growth opportunities, the Magnesium Citrate market also faces several challenges. One of the primary limiting factors is the fluctuation in raw material prices. Magnesium Citrate is derived from magnesium carbonate and sodium citrate, and any volatility in the prices of these raw materials can significantly impact the production costs and profitability of manufacturers. This can lead to price increases for end consumers, potentially affecting market demand.
Another challenge is the intense competition in the market. The low barriers to entry and the relatively simple production process have attracted numerous players, leading to a highly competitive landscape. This competition not only puts pressure on pricing but also necessitates continuous innovation and differentiation to maintain market share. Smaller manufacturers may struggle to compete with larger, more established companies that have greater resources and brand recognition.
Moreover, regulatory challenges can also hinder Magnesium Citrate market growth. Different countries have varying regulations regarding the use of Magnesium Citrate in food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. Manufacturers must navigate these complex regulatory environments, which can be time-consuming and costly. Compliance with these regulations is essential to ensure the safety and quality of the product, but it can also limit the speed of market expansion and product development.
In conclusion, while the Magnesium Citrate market is poised for growth due to increasing health awareness and expanding applications, it must also overcome challenges related to raw material costs, competition, and regulatory compliance. By addressing these limiting factors, market participants can better capitalize on the opportunities and ensure sustainable growth in the coming years.
4. Analysis of Magnesium Citrate Market Segment
Analysis of Different Product Types of Magnesium Citrate Market
Magnesium Citrate is a versatile compound used in various industries, primarily due to its high bioavailability and numerous health benefits. The product is available in two main types: Anhydrous and Nonahydrate
Anhydrous Magnesium Citrate
Anhydrous Magnesium Citrate is the most common form used in the market. It is characterized by its lack of water molecules, making it more stable and suitable for a wide range of applications. This type is particularly favored in the pharmaceutical industry for its use as a laxative to treat constipation. Its stability and ease of handling also make it a preferred choice in the production of dietary supplements and fortified foods.
In 2024, the market sales of Anhydrous Magnesium Citrate are projected to reach 7,198.3 tons. This type holds the largest market share, accounting for approximately 58.93% of the total Magnesium Citrate market. The dominance of Anhydrous Magnesium Citrate can be attributed to its broad range of applications and the increasing demand for stable, high-quality magnesium supplements.
Nonahydrate Magnesium Citrate
Nonahydrate Magnesium Citrate, on the other hand, contains nine molecules of water per unit of magnesium citrate. This form is less commonly used due to its lower stability compared to the anhydrous type. However, it still finds applications in certain areas, such as in the production of specific pharmaceutical formulations and some food products where its hydration properties are beneficial.
In 2024, the market sales of Nonahydrate Magnesium Citrate are expected to be 5,017.3 tons, representing a market share of 41.07%. While it has a smaller market share compared to the anhydrous type, it is experiencing a steady growth rate due to its unique properties and specific applications.
The growth rate of the Anhydrous Magnesium Citrate market is projected to be slightly higher than that of the Nonahydrate type. This is primarily due to the increasing demand for stable and versatile magnesium supplements in the pharmaceutical and dietary supplement industries. The anhydrous type’s ability to maintain its integrity and effectiveness in various formulations makes it a preferred choice for manufacturers, driving its growth rate.
In contrast, the Nonahydrate type, while growing at a stable pace, faces challenges related to its lower stability and limited applications. However, advancements in production technologies and the development of new applications could potentially enhance its growth rate in the future.
Analysis of Different Applications of the Magnesium Citrate Market
Nutrient Supplements
The use of Magnesium Citrate in nutrient supplements is one of the most significant applications. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health, muscle function, and overall well-being. As a result, there is a growing demand for magnesium supplements, including Magnesium Citrate, to address deficiencies and promote health.
In 2024, the market sales of Magnesium Citrate for nutrient supplements are projected to be 7,484.8 tons. This application holds the largest market share, accounting for approximately 61.27% of the total market. The increasing health awareness among consumers and the rising demand for natural supplements are key factors driving the growth of this application segment.
Food & Beverage Industry
In the food and beverage industry, Magnesium Citrate is used as a food additive to enhance the nutritional value of products. It is commonly found in fortified foods, beverages, and dietary supplements. The growing consumer preference for healthier and more nutritious food options has led to an increased demand for Magnesium Citrate in this sector.
In 2024, the market sales of Magnesium Citrate for the food and beverage industry are expected to reach 3,260.1 tons, representing a market share of 26.69%. The expansion of this application is driven by the rising demand for fortified products and the need for improved nutrition in everyday diets.
Pharmaceutical Industry
The pharmaceutical industry utilizes Magnesium Citrate primarily as a laxative to treat constipation. Its effectiveness and safety profile make it a popular choice for over-the-counter and prescription medications. Additionally, it is used in various pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the bioavailability of other active ingredients.
In 2024, the market sales of Magnesium Citrate for the pharmaceutical industry are projected to be 1,123.5 tons, accounting for a market share of 9.20%. The growth of this application is influenced by the increasing prevalence of digestive health issues and the need for effective treatments.
Other Applications
Other applications of Magnesium Citrate include its use in industrial processes, research and development, and various specialized markets. While these applications may not be as dominant as the primary segments, they contribute to the overall market dynamics and provide opportunities for innovation and expansion.
In 2024, the market sales of Magnesium Citrate for other applications are expected to be 347.3 tons, representing a market share of 2.84%. The growth rate of this segment is influenced by the development of new technologies and the expansion of specialized markets.
Among the different applications, the Nutrient Supplements segment is experiencing the fastest growth rate. This is primarily due to the increasing health consciousness among consumers and the growing demand for natural and effective supplements. The pharmaceutical industry also shows a steady growth rate, driven by the need for effective treatments for digestive health issues.
In contrast, the Food & Beverage Industry, while growing at a stable pace, faces challenges related to consumer preferences and regulatory requirements. However, the ongoing trend towards healthier and more nutritious food options is expected to drive its growth in the future.
In conclusion, the Magnesium Citrate market is characterized by diverse product types and applications, each contributing to its overall growth and dynamics. Understanding these segments and their market shares provides valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges within the industry. As the demand for magnesium supplements and fortified products continues to rise, the market is poised for further expansion, driven by innovation and consumer preferences.
Market Sales and Share by Segment
Sales (Tons) in 2024 | Market Share in 2024 | ||
By Type | Anhydrous Type | 7198.3 | 58.93% |
Nonahydrate Type | 5017.3 | 41.07% | |
By Application | Nutrient Supplement | 7484.8 | 61.27% |
Food & Beverage Industry | 3260.1 | 26.69% | |
Pharmaceutical Industry | 1123.5 | 9.20% | |
Others | 347.3 | 2.84% |
5. Regional Analysis of the Magnesium Citrate Market in 2024
North America
North America is the largest regional Magnesium Citrate market, with sales projected to reach 4,272.1 tons in 2024. This region’s dominance can be attributed to several factors. The United States, in particular, is a significant contributor, driven by a robust pharmaceutical industry and a growing consumer base that values health and nutrition. The presence of established manufacturers and distributors in the region also facilitates the availability and accessibility of Magnesium Citrate products. Additionally, the region’s advanced healthcare infrastructure and research capabilities support the development and application of Magnesium Citrate in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements.
Europe
Europe is another major player in the Magnesium Citrate market, with sales expected to be 3,639.3 tons in 2024. The region’s strong pharmaceutical and food industries are key drivers of demand. Countries like Germany, France, and the UK have well-developed markets for dietary supplements and fortified foods, where Magnesium Citrate is widely used. The European market also benefits from strict regulatory standards that ensure the quality and safety of products, fostering consumer trust and demand. Furthermore, the region’s focus on research and innovation in healthcare and nutrition contributes to the growth of the Magnesium Citrate market.
Asia-Pacific
The Asia-Pacific region is the fastest-growing Magnesium Citrate market, with sales projected to reach 3,335.3 tons in 2024. This growth can be attributed to the rapid economic development and rising consumer awareness of health and nutrition in countries like China, Japan, and India. The expanding middle class in these countries has led to increased spending on health-related products, including Magnesium Citrate supplements and fortified foods. Additionally, the region’s growing pharmaceutical industry and investments in healthcare infrastructure further drive the demand for Magnesium Citrate. The Asia-Pacific market also benefits from the presence of several emerging manufacturers who are increasingly focusing on producing high-quality Magnesium Citrate products to meet the growing regional demand.
South America
In South America, the Magnesium Citrate market is expected to reach 557.5 tons in 2024. While it is smaller compared to other regions, it is experiencing steady growth driven by increasing health awareness and the expansion of the pharmaceutical and food industries in countries like Brazil and Argentina. The region’s growing population and improving economic conditions are also contributing to the rising demand for Magnesium Citrate products. Additionally, the presence of local manufacturers and distributors helps in meeting the regional demand and promoting the use of Magnesium Citrate in various applications.
Middle East & Africa
The Middle East & Africa region is projected to have sales of 411.4 tons in 2024. The Magnesium Citrate market in this region is driven by the growing healthcare sector and increasing investments in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE are focusing on improving their healthcare infrastructure and promoting the use of dietary supplements, including Magnesium Citrate. Additionally, the region’s growing population and rising consumer awareness of the health benefits of Magnesium Citrate contribute to the market’s expansion.
Global Magnesium Citrate Sales (Tons) Market Share by Region in 2024


6. Analysis of Top 3 Companies in the Magnesium Citrate Market
Company Introduction and Business Overview: Gadot Biochemical Industries is a leading manufacturer of chemical products, established in 1964 and based in Israel. The company offers a wide range of ingredients and fine chemicals for the food and beverage, cosmetic, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries. Gadot is known for its GFSI compliance and certifications such as ISO 9001, 14000, OHSAS 18000, HACCP, and GMP.
Products Offered: Gadot Biochemical Industries produces various forms of Magnesium Citrate, including anhydrous and nonahydrate types. Their products are used in nutritional supplements, food additives, and pharmaceutical preparations. The company’s focus on quality and innovation ensures that its products meet the highest standards.
Company Introduction and Business Overview: Jungbunzlauer is a global leader in producing biodegradable ingredients of natural origin, with manufacturing facilities in Switzerland and Canada. The company specializes in citric acids, citrates, and gluconates, catering to various industries worldwide.
Products Offered: Jungbunzlauer offers high-quality Magnesium Citrate products, including trimagnesium citrate anhydrous and nonahydrate forms. These products are used in food supplements, pharmaceutical preparations, and as a laxative at higher dosages. The company’s commitment to sustainability and quality ensures that its products are reliable and effective.
Company Introduction and Business Overview: JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD is a medium-scale private enterprise based in China, focusing on manufacturing food additives. The company has a strong market presence, catering to both domestic and international markets.
Products Offered: JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD produces a range of Magnesium Citrate products used in food additives, nutrients, and pharmaceutical applications. Their products are known for their quality and consistency, meeting the needs of various customers.
Major Players
Company Name | Plant Locations | Market Distribution |
Gadot Biochemical Industries | Israel | Worldwide |
Jungbunzlauer | Switzerland, Canada | Worldwide |
JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD | China | Worldwide |
Nature Food Technology | China | Worldwide |
Xinyang Chemical | China | Worldwide |
Dr. Paul Lohmann | Germany | Worldwide |
Dongtai Food Ingredients | China | Mainly in Asia |
Global Calcium | India | Worldwide |
Penglai Marine | China | Mainly in Asia |
Jost Chemical | US | Worldwide |
FEIYU FOOD-TECH | China | Mainly in Asia |
Yunbo Chemical | China | Mainly in Asia |
1 Market Overview
1.1 Magnesium Citrate Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Magnesium Citrate Revenue by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2026
1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
1.3.1 Overview: Global Magnesium Citrate Revenue by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2026
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Market Status and Outlook (2016-2026)
1.4.2 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
1.4.3 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
1.4.4 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
1.4.5 South America, Middle East & Africa
1.5 Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Market Opportunities
1.5.2 Market Risk
1.5.3 Market Driving Force
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Gadot Biochemical Industries
2.1.1 Gadot Biochemical Industries Details
2.1.2 Gadot Biochemical Industries Major Business
2.1.3 Gadot Biochemical Industries SWOT Analysis
2.1.4 Products Analysis
2.1.5 Gadot Biochemical Industries Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.2 Jungbunzlauer
2.2.1 Jungbunzlauer Details
2.2.2 Jungbunzlauer Major Business
2.2.3 Jungbunzlauer SWOT Analysis
2.2.4 Products Analysis
2.2.5 Jungbunzlauer Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.3 JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD
2.3.1 JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD Details
2.3.2 JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD Major Business
2.3.3 JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD SWOT Analysis
2.3.4 Products Analysis
2.3.5 JIANGSU KOLOD FOOD Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.4 Nature Food Technology
2.4.1 Nature Food Technology Details
2.4.2 Nature Food Technology Major Business
2.4.3 Nature Food Technology SWOT Analysis
2.4.4 Products Analysis
2.4.5 Nature Food Technology Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.5 Xinyang Chemical
2.5.1 Xinyang Chemical Details
2.5.2 Xinyang Chemical Major Business
2.5.3 Xinyang Chemical SWOT Analysis
2.5.4 Products Analysis
2.5.5 Xinyang Chemical Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.6 Dr. Paul Lohmann
2.6.1 Dr. Paul Lohmann Details
2.6.2 Dr. Paul Lohmann Major Business
2.6.3 Products Analysis
2.6.4 Dr. Paul Lohmann Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.7 Dongtai Food Ingredients
2.7.1 Dongtai Food Ingredients Details
2.7.2 Dongtai Food Ingredients Major Business
2.7.3 Products Analysis
2.7.4 Dongtai Food Ingredients Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.8 Global Calcium
2.8.1 Global Calcium Details
2.8.2 Global Calcium Major Business
2.8.3 Products Analysis
2.8.4 Global Calcium Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.9 Penglai Marine
2.9.1 Penglai Marine Details
2.9.2 Penglai Marine Major Business
2.9.3 Products Analysis
2.9.4 Penglai Marine Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.10 Jost Chemical
2.10.1 Jost Chemical Details
2.10.2 Jost Chemical Major Business
2.10.3 Products Analysis
2.10.4 Jost Chemical Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.11 FEIYU FOOD-TECH
2.11.1 FEIYU FOOD-TECH Details
2.11.2 FEIYU FOOD-TECH Major Business
2.11.3 Products Analysis
2.11.4 FEIYU FOOD-TECH Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
2.12 Yunbo Chemical
2.12.1 Yunbo Chemical Details
2.12.2 Yunbo Chemical Major Business
2.12.3 Products Analysis
2.12.4 Yunbo Chemical Magnesium Citrate Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share
3 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.3 Market Concentration Rate
3.3.1 Top 3 Magnesium Citrate Manufacturer Market Share
3.3.2 Top 6 Magnesium Citrate Manufacturer Market Share
3.4 Market Competition Trend
4 Global Magnesium Citrate Market Analysis by Regions
4.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
4.1.2 Global Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
4.2 North America Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
4.3 Europe Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
4.5 South America Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5 North America Magnesium Citrate by Country
5.1 North America Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
5.1.1 North America Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
5.1.2 North America Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
5.2 United States Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.3 Canada Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.4 Mexico Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6 Europe Magnesium Citrate by Country
6.1 Europe Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
6.1.1 Europe Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
6.1.2 Europe Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
6.2 Germany Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.3 UK Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.4 France Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.5 Russia Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.6 Italy Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Citrate by Country
7.1 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
7.2 China Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7.3 Japan Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7.4 Korea Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7.5 India Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7.6 Southeast Asia Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7.7 Australia Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
8 South America Magnesium Citrate by Country
8.1 South America Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
8.1.1 South America Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
8.1.2 South America Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
8.2 Brazil Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
8.3 Argentina Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
9 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Citrate by Country
9.1 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
9.1.1 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
9.1.2 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
9.3 UAE Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
9.4 Egypt Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
9.5 South Africa Magnesium Citrate Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
10 Global Magnesium Citrate Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
10.2 Global Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
10.3 Global Magnesium Citrate Price by Type (2016-2021)
11 Global Magnesium Citrate Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
11.2 Global Magnesium Citrate Revenue and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
11.3 Global Magnesium Citrate Price by Application (2016-2021)
12 Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast
12.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
12.2 Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
12.2.1 North America Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast (2021-2026)
12.2.2 Europe Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast (2021-2026)
12.2.3 Asia Pacific Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast (2021-2026)
12.2.4 South America Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast (2021-2026)
12.2.5 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast (2021-2026)
12.3 Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
12.3.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
12.3.2 Global Magnesium Citrate Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
12.4 Magnesium Citrate Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
12.4.1 Global Magnesium Citrate Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
12.4.2 Global Magnesium Citrate Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Channel
13.1.2 Indirect Channel
13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source